Neurological update: MOG antibody disease. Inflammatory optic neuropathies and neuroretinitis. In: Zitelli and Davis' Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis. In: Liu, Volpe, and Galetta's Neuro-Ophthalmology. Optic neuritis: The eye as a window to the brain. Updates and controversies in the management of acute optic neuritis. American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Ethambutol, used to treat tuberculosis, and methanol, a common ingredient in antifreeze, paints and solvents, are associated with optic neuritis. Some drugs and toxins have been associated with the development of optic neuritis. Diseases such as sarcoidosis, Behcet's disease and lupus can cause recurrent optic neuritis. Bacterial infections, including Lyme disease, cat-scratch fever and syphilis, or viruses, such as measles, mumps and herpes, can cause optic neuritis. When symptoms of optic neuritis are more complex, other associated causes need to be considered, including: Recovery from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) attacks is usually better than recovery from neuromyelitis optica. Similar to MS and neuromyelitis optica, recurrent attacks of inflammation can occur. This condition can cause inflammation to the optic nerve, spinal cord or brain. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody disorder.Still, neuromyelitis optica is more severe than MS, often resulting in a diminished recovery after an attack compared with MS. Neuromyelitis optica has similarities to multiple sclerosis, but neuromyelitis optica doesn't cause damage to the nerves in the brain as often as multiple sclerosis does. Serious injuries to the eye may cause permanent vision loss. Some people see flashes of light or have vision changes. These can cause pain, swelling, redness and other symptoms. In this condition, inflammation affects the optic nerve and spinal cord. Eye injuries can result from sports injuries, accidents and foreign objects in the eye. Your risk of developing multiple sclerosis after optic neuritis increases further if an Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan shows lesions on your brain. In people with optic neuritis, the risk of developing multiple sclerosis after one episode of optic neuritis is about 50% over a lifetime. Other symptoms include eye redness, blurred vision, and seeing halos and rainbows around lights. Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which your autoimmune system attacks the myelin sheath covering nerve fibers in your brain. It causes sudden, intense eye pain and swelling. The following autoimmune conditions often are associated with optic neuritis: Optic neuritis disrupts this process, affecting vision. Normally, the myelin helps electrical impulses travel quickly from the eye to the brain, where they're converted into visual information. It's believed to develop when the immune system mistakenly targets the substance covering your optic nerve, resulting in inflammation and damage to the myelin. The exact cause of optic neuritis is unknown.
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