![]() ![]() Ionizing radiation is widely used in different fields of medicine, including gastroenterology and hepatology, for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. On an average, the annual natural radiation exposure to a person living in the United States (USA) includes 2.28 mSv (73%) due to inhalation of radioactive materials, 0.29 mSv (9%) due to ingestion of radioactive materials, 0.33 mSv (11%) from cosmic radiation, and 0.21 mSv (7%) from terrestrial radiation. Uranium can break down and get converted into radon gas which can be found in building materials, rocks, soil and well water. The radioactive materials present in the soil include uranium, thorium, radium, carbon, and potassium. Cosmic radiation occurs due to charged particles, X-rays and gamma rays that come from the sun and stars. We are surrounded by background radiation due to the presence of radioactive materials present in the space (cosmic radiation) and in the earth (terrestrial radiation). Visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, radio waves, and microwaves are examples of non-ionizing radiation. ![]() Non-ionizing radiation cannot ionize atoms or break molecules and chemical bonds, but they cause vibrations due to heat. X-rays, gamma rays, alpha particles, beta particles and positrons are forms of ionizing radiation. In living organisms, ionizing radiation causes the ionization of water to produce H 2O + ions. Ionizing radiation can ionize atoms by displacing an electron from an atom and can break molecules and chemical bonds of living tissues, air, and water. Radiation is broadly classified into ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation. It originates from a source and travels through space as fast as light. Radiation can be described as the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles. Keywords: Units of radiation Use of radiation in gastroenterology Radiation esophagitis Radiation gastritis Radiation enteritis Radiation colitis Radiation proctitis Introduction Gastrointestinal complications related to radiation therapy for oncologic processes, and exposure risks for patients and health care providers involved in diagnostic or therapeutic imaging will be discussed in this review. The radiological protection society recommends certain preventive and protective measures to avoid side effects of radiation. Gastrointestinal endoscopists performing fluoroscopy-guided procedures are also at increased risk of malignancy and cataract formation. Patients with repeated exposure to radiation for diagnostic imaging and therapeutic procedures are at slightly increased risk of malignancy. Radiation can also cause inflammation, fibrosis, organ dysfunction, and malignancy. External beam radiation, internal beam radiation and radio-isotope therapy are the major ways of delivering radiation to the malignant tissue. Radiotherapy can injure malignant cells by directly damaging DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids and indirectly by forming free radicals. There are various modalities of radiotherapy. Radiotherapy is one of the primary modalities of treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies. Radiation is used daily in different gastrointestinal imaging and diagnostic and therapeutic interventional procedures. ![]() The curtains flexible inner layer is bonded to its outer covering which results in an extremely strong, supple and easy to clean curtain. As the protective layer is not suspended separately in a cover (bag), it cannot tear or fall away inside unnoticed.The benefit of radiation is immense in the field of gastroenterology. ![]() The heavy duty middle link has an automatic wear adjustment facility ensuring accurate joint friction which prevents unwanted curtain movement even when the table is tilted in any direction.Equipment controls can be mounted on the large integrated rail and grouped with others close by on the adjacent tableside rail.11 mm thick). The securing handle position allows it to overhang the rail end and be repositioned further along the table. A 55 cm wide attachment bracket slides onto a 25 mm high tableside accessory rail (max.The shield easily mounts to either side of the table allowing the pivotal arm to always face the head end.Optional semi-flexible top shields provide additional protection to the upper body. The primary shield (312/DS-039/1) comprises a lightweight and durable structure, with middle link and pivotal arm supporting a flexible lead curtain. These lower body shields substantially reduce exposure to scatter radiation emanating from the table or patient’s body. Table Mounted Lower body X-ray shield with optional detachable top shields ![]()
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